Documentation: Works Cited

Works Cited

(from The St.Martin's Pocket Guide to Research and Documentation. Typing help from my fiancee Tina.)

MLA Format for a List of Works Cited

A list of Works Cited is an alphabetical list of sources cited in your essay. Start your list on a separate page after the text of your essay and any notes. Continue the consecutive numbering of pages. Type the heading Works Cited, neither underlined nor in quotation marks [nor italics], centered one inch from the top of the page. Double-space, and begin your first entry. Start each entry flush with the left margin; indent any subsequent line of the entry five spaces. Double-space the entire list.

List your sources alphabetically by author's last name. If the author of a source is unknown, alphebatize the source by the first major word of the title.

For books

The basic entry for a book includes the following elements:

Author
List the author by last name first followed by a comma and the first name.
Title
Underline the title and any subtitle, and capitalize all major words.
Publication Information
Give the city of publication and add a colon, a sapce, and a shortened version of the publisher's name -- dropping Press, Publishers, Inc., and so on (St.Martin's for St.Martin's Press, Inc.), using only the first surname (Harcourt for Harcourt Brace), and abbreviating University Press (Oxford UP for Oxford University Oress) -- then a comma, and the year of publication.

These elements are separated from one another by a period, and the entry ends with a period.

One author

     Herrera, Hayden. Frida: A Biography af Frida Kahlo.
          New York: Harper, 1983.

Two or three authors
List the first author , last name first; then list the name(s) of the other author(s) in regular order, with a comma between authors and an and before the last one.
```
     Appleby, Joyce, Lynn Hunt, and Margaret Jacob.
          Telling the Truth about History. 
          New York: Norton, 1994.
```

Corporate author

Give the name of the group listed on the title page as the author, even if the same group published the book.

     American Chemical Society. Handbook for 
          Authors of Papers in American Chemical Society 
          Publications. Washington: American Chemical Soc.,1978.

Unknown author
Begin the entry with the title, and list the work alphabetically by the first major word of that title after any initial a, an, or the.
```
      The New York Ties Atlas of the World. New York: 
          New York Times Books, 1980.
```

Two Or More Books by the Same Author(s)
If you cit two or more works by the same author(s), arrange the entries alphabetically by title. List the name(s) of the author(s) in the first entry, but in subsequent entries use three hyphens followed by a period instead.
```
     Lorde, Audre. A Burst of Light. 
          Ithaca: Firebrand, 1988.
     ---.Sister Outsider. Trumansburg: Crossing, 1984.
```

Editor or Editors

Treat an editor as an author, but add a comma and ed. (or eds. for more than one editor).

     Wall, Cheryl A., ed. Changing Our Own Words: Essays
          on Criticism, Theory, and
          Writing by Black Women. New Burnswick: Rutgers UP, 1989.

Selection in an Anthology or Chapter in a Book with an Editor
List the following items, separated from one another by a period and two spaces: the author(s) of the selection or chapter, its title (with titles of essays, short stories, poems, and chapters in quotation markes and those of plays and long poems underlined; the title of the book in which the selection or chapter appears (underlined); Ed. and the name(s) of the editor(s) in regular order; the publication information; and the inclusive page numbers of the selection.
```
     Gordon, Mary. "The Parable of the Cave." The Writer
          on Her Work.. Ed Janet Sternburg. New York: Norton, 1980. 27-32.
```
If the selection was originally published in a periodical and you are asked to supply information for this original source, use the following format. Note that Rpt. is the abbreviation for "Reprinted."
```
     Didion, Joan. "Why I Write." New York Times Book
         Review. 9 Dec. 1976: 22. Rpt. in The Writer on 
         Her Work. Ed. Janet Sternbur. New York:
         Norton, 1980. 3-16.
```
For inclusive page numbers up to 99, note all digits in the second number. For numbers above 99, note only the last two digits and any other that chang in the second number (115-18, 1378-79, 296-301).

Two or More items
If you cite two or more selections in an anthology, include the anthology itself in your list of works cited.
```
    Spender, Dale, and Janet Todd, eds. British Women
         Writers: An Anthology from the Fourteenth
         Century to the Present. New York: Bedrick, 1989.
```
Then you can list each selection you cite by its author and title, followed by a cross-reference to the anthology. The cross-reference consists of the last name(s) of the editor(s) and the inclusive page numbers of the selection.
```
     Behn, Aphra. The Rover. Spender and Todd 32-152.
          Linton, Eliza Lynn. "The Mad Willoughbys." Spender
          and Todd 536-86.
```

Preface, Foreword, Intorduction, or Afterword
List the author of the item, then the item title, neither underlined nor in quotation marks. After the title of the book, give its author's name in regular order, preceded by the word By. If the same person wrote both th book and the cited item, use just the last name after By. List the inclusive page numbers of the item at the end of the entry.
```
      Schlesinger, Arthur M., Jr. Intorduciton. Pioneer
           Women: Voices from the Kansas Frontier. By
           Joanna L. Stratton. New York: Simon, 1981. 11-15.
```

Government Document
Begin with the author, if identified. If no author is given, start with the name of the government followed by the agency and any subdivision. use abbreviations if they can be readily understood. Then list the itile, which should be underlined. For congressional documents, cite the number, session, and house of Congress (using S for Senate and HR for House of Representatives), and the type (Report, Resolusion, Document), in abbreviated form, and number of the material. If you cite the Congressional Record, give only the date and page number. Otherwise, end with the publicaion information--the publisher is often the Government Printing Office (GPO)--as you would for a book.
```
     New Hampshire. Dept. of Transportation. Right of
          Way Salinity Reports, Hillsborough, County,
          1985. Concord: New Hampshire Dept. of 
          Transportation, 1986.

     United States. Cong. House. Report of the Joint
          Subcommittee on Reconstruction. 39th Cong.,
          1st sess. H. Rept. 30. 1865. New York: Arno,
          1969.
          
     U.S. Bureau of the Census. Historical Statistics of the 
          United States, Colonial Times to 1870.
          Washington: GPO, 1975.
```

Periodicals
The basic entry for a periodical inculdes the following elements:
1. Author.
  List the autor by last name followed by a comma and the first name.
2. Article title.
  Enclose the title and any subtitle in quotation marks, and capitalize all major words.
3. Publication information.
  Give the periodical title (excluding any initial a, an, of, the), underlined and with all the major words capitalized; the volume number and issue number if appropriate; and the date of publicaion. For journals, list the year in parentheses followed by a colon, a space, and the inclusive page numbers. For magazines and newspapers, list the month (abbreviated, except for May, June, and July) or the day and month before the year, and do not use parentheses. Do not use p. or pp. before the page numbers. For inclusive page numbers,not all digits for numbers 1 to 99, and note only the last two digits and any others that change for numbers above 99 (24-27, 134-45).
These elements are separated from one another by a period, and the entry ends with a period. Here is an example of a basic entry for an article in a journal.
```
     Ficaro, Barbara. "Canterbury's First Dean."
          Sixteenth Century Journal 18 (1987): 343-46.
```

Article in a Journal Paginated by Volume
If a periodical's pages are numbered continuously from one issue to the next within each year, follow the title of the publication with the volume number in Arabic numerals.
```
    Norris, Margot. "Narration under a Blindfold: 
         Reading Joyce's 'Clay.' " PMLA 102 (1987):
         206-15.
```

Article in a Journal Paginated by Issue

Put a period and the issue number after the volume number.

     Loffy, John. "The Politics at Modernism's Funeral."
          Canadian Journal of Political and Social 
          Theory. 6.3 (1987): 89-96.

Article in a Monthly Magazine
Put the month (or months, hyphenated) before the year. Do not include volume of issue number.
```
     Weiss, Philip. "the Book Their: A True Tale
          of Bibliomania." Harper's Jan. 1994:
          37-56.
```

Article in a Weekly Magazine
Include the day, month, and year in that order, with no commas between them. Separate the date and page number(s) with a colon. do not include volume or issue number.
```
Van Biema, David. "Parodies Regained." Time 21 Mar. 1994: 46.
```

Article in a Newspaper
After the author and article title, give the name of the newspaper, underlined, as it appears on the front page but without any initial a, an, or the. Add the city in brackets after the name if it is not part of the title. Then give the date and the edition if one is listed, and add a colon and then the page number(s). If the article appears on discontinuous pages, give the first page followed by a plus sign.
```
      Markoff, John. "Cyberspace's Most Wanted: Hacker Eludes F.B.I. Pursuit." 
           New York Times
           4 July 1994, late ed.: 1+.
```

Other Sources

Unpublished Dissertation
Enclose the title in quotation marks. Add the identification Diss., the name of the university or professional school, a comma, and the year the dissertation was accepted.
```
     LeCourt, Donna. "The Self in Motion: 
          The Status of the (Student) Subject in
          Composition Studies." Diss. Ohio State U, 1993.
```

Published Dissertation
Cite a published dissertation as a book, adding the identification Diss. and the name of the university. If the dissertation was published by University Microfilms International, add Ann Arbor: UMI, and the year, and list the UMI number at the end of the entry.
```
     Botts, Rderic C. Influences in the Teaching of 
          English, 1917-1935: An Illusion of Progress.
          Diss. Northeastern U, 1970. Ann Arbor: UMI, 1971. 71-1799.
```

Article from a Microform

Treat the article as you would a printed work, identifying the name of the microform and information for locating it.

     Sharpe, Lora. "A Quilter's Tribute." Boston Globe 
               25 Mar. 1989. NewsBank: Social Relations 12 (1989): fiche 6, grids B4-6.

Interview
List first the person interviewed. Then list the title, if the interview has one, in quotation marks (or underlined if it is a complete work). If it has no title, use the label Interview, neither underlined nor in quotation marks, and identify the source. If you were the interviewer, use the label Telephone interview or Personal interview, and give the date it took place.
```
      Schorr, Daniel. Interview. Weekend Edition.
           Natl. Public Radio. WEVO, Concord. 26 Mar. 1988.

      Merget, Astrid. Telephone interview. 16 Mar. 1994. 
```

Letter or Electronic Correspondence

If the letter was published, cite it as a selection in a book, noting the date an any identifying number after the title.

      Frost, Robert. "Letter to Editor of the Independent." 
           28 Mar. 1894. Selected Letters of Robert Frost.
           Ed. Lawrance Thompson. new York: Holt, 1964. 19.

If the correspondence was sent to you, follow the forms below.

      Moller, Willie. Letter to the author. 10 Sept. 1994.

      Diaz, Gloria. E-mail to the author. 12 Feb. 1989.

If the letter is from an archival collection, identify the writer and the recipient, give the date, and then give the name of the collection and the name and city of the institution that houses the collection.

      Hones, William. Letter to John and Joseph Le Conte.
           14 Jan. 1868. Le Conte Family Papers. Bancroft Library,
           U of California, Berkeley.

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Works Cited

(from The St.Martin's Pocket Guide to Research and Documentation. Typing help from my fiancee Tina.)

MLA Format for a List of Works Cited

For books

One author

Two or three authors

Corporate author

Unknown author

Two Or More Books by the Same Author(s)

Editor or Editors

Selection in an Anthology or Chapter in a Book with an Editor

Two or More items

Preface, Foreword, Intorduction, or Afterword

Government Document

Periodicals

Article in a Journal Paginated by Volume

Article in a Journal Paginated by Issue

Article in a Monthly Magazine

Article in a Weekly Magazine

Article in a Newspaper

Other Sources

Unpublished Dissertation

Published Dissertation

Article from a Microform

Interview

Letter or Electronic Correspondence