Africans in Europe & European Americas
First Africans in Europe brought as servants by Portuguese C.1441 (Pope approves European Christian capture/trade of Africans as “pagans and unbelievers in 1450) -- European trade in African slaves before 1492
First Africans in North America brought as indentured servants to Jamestown colony c.1619 by Dutch traders
European slave traders grow rich; some black Africans also participate by invading neighboring tribes & selling them to Europeans, often to stave off further European invasion of Africa; many ended up slaves themselves
Produced the goods that made Europe and the colonies in the Americas rich: tobacco, cotton, indigo, sugar -- and RUM