European-American Protestant Philosophy
Lutheranism: protests against the Catholic Church (1521); also reaction against established Anglicanism (Church of England after Henry VIII)
- individual worship & knowledge of God through the Word (people must read God’s word in their own languages)
- all equally endowed with Grace
Calvinism: after John Calvin (1536), follower of Luther
- Total depravity of humanity (“In Adam’s Fall/We Sinn’d all”); Original Sin an indelible stain
- God’s irresistible grace preserves the elect
- Predestination & preservation of “the saints”
- “Covenant theology”: God’s “Covenant of Work” with Adam failed, revised “Covenant of Grace” with Abraham
With other English Protestants, a dream of returning to a previous state of purity, a “New Eden”
Independent congregations