Indigenous Peoples: Life in European Crossfire
Missionaries often converted native settlements into pueblo missions, sometimes destroying kivas and other ceremonial buildings to construct mission churches on the site
Missionaries disrupted the usual gender alignment of pueblo cultures, reassigning duties and workloads according to European concepts of “men’s work” and “women’s work” -- and reassigning communal authority as well
Old European antagonisms between Catholics and Protestants played out on native populations in North America: Spanish and French Catholics, and Dutch and English Protestants, allied with particular tribes whom they set against each other
Many native cultures had to produce wares in keeping with European expectations and preconceptions of “Indian” styles and goods to sell to Europeans at home. Many of these goods thus served as “souvenirs” of “Indian” cultures that existed only in European